Сравнение методов

	Классическая обоснованная теория	Исследование действием	Этнография
Область	Качественные методы	Качественные исследования	Качественные методы
Семейство	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Год появления	1967	1946	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Автор метода	Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Тип	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Основополагающий источник	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Другие названия	Glaserian GT, CGT, original grounded theory, classic GT	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Связанные	6	1	5
Сводка	Classic Grounded Theory (CGT) is a systematic qualitative methodology for generating substantive theory from empirical data. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, it uses iterative cycles of data collection, constant comparison, and memo writing to produce a core category and surrounding conceptual framework that explains a social or psychological process. Unlike its later variants, Glaserian CGT insists on emergence — theory must arise from data without forcing preconceived frameworks.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.