Сравнение методов

	CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)	Фазово-полевое моделирование	Термогравиметрический анализ
Область	Материаловедение	Материаловедение	Материаловедение
Семейство	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Год появления	1970	1958	1960s
Автор метода	Larry Kaufman	John W. Cahn	William W. Wendlandt
Тип	Computational method	Simulation method	Characterization method
Основополагающий источник	Kaufman, L., & Bernstein, H. (1970). Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams. Academic Press.	Cahn, J. W. (1958). Free energy of a nonuniform system: Interfacial free energy. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 28(2), 258-267.	Wendlandt, W. W. (1986). Thermal Analysis (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Другие названия	CALPHAD method, computational thermodynamics	phase-field method, diffuse interface method	TGA, thermal gravimetry, thermogravimetry
Связанные	3	3	3
Сводка	CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) is a computational method for predicting thermodynamic equilibrium properties and phase diagrams of multicomponent alloys. Pioneered by Larry Kaufman in 1970, CALPHAD combines experimental and computational data to assess thermodynamic properties of phases and subsequently predict equilibrium conditions. It is the standard methodology in physical metallurgy and materials design for alloy development, process optimization, and understanding phase stability.	Phase-Field Modeling (PFM) is a continuum computational method for simulating microstructure evolution, phase transitions, and interfacial dynamics without explicitly tracking moving boundaries. Developed from Cahn-Ginzburg-Landau theory in the 1950s, PFM represents distinct phases through continuous order parameters that vary smoothly over diffuse interfaces. This approach elegantly handles topological changes (nucleation, coalescence, pinch-off), complex interface geometries, and strongly coupled multiphysics. It is the dominant method for studying dendritic growth, spinodal decomposition, grain evolution, and reactive transport in materials science.	Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal characterization technique that continuously measures mass loss or gain of a material as a function of temperature (or time at constant temperature). Developed systematically by William Wendlandt and colleagues in the 1960s, TGA identifies thermal transitions (evaporation, decomposition, oxidation, reduction) and quantifies composition of polymers, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, and other materials. The derivative signal (DTG) highlights transition temperatures. When combined with gas analysis (MS, FTIR), decomposition products are identified.