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| Skala ksenofobii× | Skala kontaktu międzygrupowego× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Socjologia polityki | Socjologia polityki |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 2009–2016 | 1954–2008 |
| Twórca≠ | Alin Ceobanu, Xavier Escandell, Elke Schlueter | Gordon Allport, Thomas Pettigrew, Linda Tropp |
| Typ | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Ceobanu, A. M., & Escandell, X. (2010). Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: The European Social Survey. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(6), 953-969. link ↗ | Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | XS, Anti-Immigration Attitude Scale | ICS, Contact Quality Index |
| Pokrewne | 5 | 5 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Xenophobia Scale measures fear, discomfort, or prejudice toward foreign nationals and immigrants. Unlike immigration policy preferences (which can reflect economic or pragmatic considerations), xenophobia captures affective and attitudinal dimensions—emotional threat perception, negative stereotypes, and cultural distance. Developed by migration scholars including Ceobanu and Escandell, it is essential for understanding antiforeign sentiment and discriminatory attitudes across diverse contexts. | The Intergroup Contact Scale measures the quantity and quality of face-to-face interaction between members of different social groups (racial, ethnic, religious, national, or other categories). Rooted in Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis (1954), which proposed that prejudice decreases when groups interact under favorable conditions, the scale is fundamental in research on prejudice reduction, integration, and intergroup relations. |
| ScholarGateZbiór danych ↗ |
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