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	Robust Moran's I	Lokalny wskaźnik Morana (LISA)
Dziedzina	Analiza przestrzenna	Analiza przestrzenna
Rodzina	Regression model	Regression model
Rok powstania	1990s–2000s	1995
Twórca	Extension of Moran (1950); robust adaptations developed in spatial statistics literature	Luc Anselin
Typ	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Local spatial autocorrelation statistic
Źródło pierwotne	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.
Inne nazwy	outlier-resistant Moran's I, robust spatial autocorrelation test, median-based Moran statistic, robust global spatial association	Local Indicator of Spatial Association, LISA statistic, Anselin Local Moran, local spatial autocorrelation index
Pokrewne	6	6
Podsumowanie	Robust Moran's I is an outlier-resistant adaptation of the classic Moran's I spatial autocorrelation statistic. By replacing the standard mean-based standardization with resistant measures of center and spread, it detects genuine geographic clustering without being distorted by a small number of extreme values in the attribute of interest.	Local Moran's I, introduced by Luc Anselin in 1995, is a Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) that decomposes global spatial autocorrelation into location-specific contributions. For every observation it produces a signed statistic and a significance value, enabling researchers to identify spatial clusters (high-high, low-low) and spatial outliers (high-low, low-high) on a map.