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| Solidna analiza pozycji testowych× | Opracowanie skali× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychometria | Psychometria |
| Rodzina | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1980s–2000s | 1991–1995 |
| Twórca≠ | Robust methods tradition (Huber, Hampel, Tukey); applied to item analysis by Wilcox and colleagues | Multiple contributors; codified by Robert DeVellis and Lee Anna Clark & David Watson |
| Typ≠ | Diagnostic / item-level evaluation | Multi-step methodological framework |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838 | DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1506341569 |
| Inne nazwy≠ | robust item statistics, outlier-resistant item analysis, robust classical item analysis | questionnaire construction, instrument development, measurement scale construction, psychometric scale building |
| Pokrewne | 5 | 5 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | Robust item analysis applies outlier-resistant statistical methods to the evaluation of individual test or scale items. Instead of classical means and Pearson correlations — both sensitive to extreme scores — it uses trimmed means, Winsorized correlations, or M-estimators to obtain item difficulty and item-total discrimination indices that remain stable when respondent distributions are skewed or contaminated by outliers. | Scale development is a structured, multi-step process for creating psychometrically sound measurement instruments that capture latent psychological constructs. It encompasses construct definition, item generation, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation, and validity evidence collection — producing a final set of items suitable for quantitative research. |
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