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| Solidny Hierarchiczny Model Liniowy× | Model Mieszanych Efektów× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Statystyka | Statystyka |
| Rodzina | Regression model | Regression model |
| Rok powstania≠ | 2004 | 1982 |
| Twórca≠ | Maas & Hox (2004); Goldstein et al. (2018) | Laird & Ware |
| Typ≠ | Robust multilevel regression | Mixed effects regression |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Maas, C. J. M., & Hox, J. J. (2004). Robustness issues in multilevel regression analysis. Statistica Neerlandica, 58(2), 127–137. DOI ↗ | Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982). Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38(4), 963–974. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | robust HLM, robust multilevel model, robust mixed-effects linear model, robust nested regression | LME, LMM, mixed model, random effects model |
| Pokrewne≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | Robust Hierarchical Linear Model (Robust HLM) extends standard HLM by replacing or protecting its standard errors against violations of distributional assumptions — chiefly non-normal residuals, heteroscedasticity, and influential clusters. It retains the nested, two-level (or higher) structure while producing more trustworthy inference under real-world data conditions. | A mixed effects model (or linear mixed model) extends ordinary regression by including both fixed effects — population-level parameters shared by all observations — and random effects that capture subject-, group-, or cluster-level variability. It is the standard tool for repeated-measures, longitudinal, and multilevel data where observations within the same unit are correlated. |
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