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	Robustne C Geary’ego	Robust Moran's I
Dziedzina	Analiza przestrzenna	Analiza przestrzenna
Rodzina	Regression model	Regression model
Rok powstania	1954 (base); robust variants: 1990s–2000s	1990s–2000s
Twórca	Geary (1954); robust extensions by Anselin and spatial statisticians	Extension of Moran (1950); robust adaptations developed in spatial statistics literature
Typ	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic
Źródło pierwotne	Geary, R. C. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–145.	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.
Inne nazwy	robust Geary contiguity ratio, outlier-resistant Geary's C, robust spatial contiguity statistic, robust Geary C	outlier-resistant Moran's I, robust spatial autocorrelation test, median-based Moran statistic, robust global spatial association
Pokrewne	6	6
Podsumowanie	Robust Geary's C adapts the classical Geary contiguity ratio — a measure of spatial autocorrelation based on pairwise squared differences between neighbouring locations — to resist distortion by spatial outliers and influential observations. It retains the local sensitivity of Geary's C while producing more reliable inferences when the spatial data contain extreme values or non-normal distributions.	Robust Moran's I is an outlier-resistant adaptation of the classic Moran's I spatial autocorrelation statistic. By replacing the standard mean-based standardization with resistant measures of center and spread, it detects genuine geographic clustering without being distorted by a small number of extreme values in the attribute of interest.