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| Retrospektywna seria przypadków× | Badanie kohortowe retrospektywne× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Epidemiologia | Epidemiologia |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | Long-standing practice; codified in EBM frameworks during 1990s–2000s | Mid-20th century (widely formalized 1950s–1970s) |
| Twórca≠ | Clinical medicine tradition (no single originator); formalized in evidence-based medicine literature | Systematic use attributed to early 20th-century occupational epidemiology; formalized in modern epidemiological theory by Brian MacMahon and others |
| Typ≠ | Observational descriptive study design | Observational analytic study |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Kooistra, B., Dijkman, B., Einhorn, T. A., & Bhandari, M. (2009). How to design a good case series. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 91(Suppl 3), 21–26. DOI ↗ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| Inne nazwy | retrospective case series, chart review case series, historical case series, medical records case series | historical cohort study, non-concurrent cohort study, retrospective follow-up study, historical prospective study |
| Pokrewne≠ | 4 | 6 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | A retrospective case series is an observational study that systematically describes the clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of a defined group of patients by examining pre-existing medical records or administrative data. It looks backward in time — data have already been recorded before the study begins. With no control group, no randomization, and no prospective follow-up, it sits near the base of the evidence hierarchy but remains one of the most practical and frequently published study designs in clinical medicine. | A retrospective cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point and reconstructs their exposure history and subsequent outcomes entirely from pre-existing records. Because the data have already been collected before the study begins, the design is far faster and cheaper than a prospective cohort; however, the researcher must work with whatever information was recorded at the time rather than collecting purpose-built measurements. |
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