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| Eksperymentalny projekt z grupą kontrolną o charakterze pragmatycznym× | Projekt eksperymentalny typu pretest-posttest× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Planowanie eksperymentów | Planowanie eksperymentów |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1967 (seminal distinction); 2009 (PRECIS operationalization) | 1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley) |
| Twórca≠ | Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic vs explanatory distinction); extended by PRECIS framework (Thorpe et al.) | Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley |
| Typ≠ | Experimental design (pragmatic variant) | Experimental / quasi-experimental research design |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648. DOI ↗ | Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. link ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | pragmatic controlled trial, effectiveness trial with control group, real-world control group design, pragmatic comparative design | pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design |
| Pokrewne≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | A pragmatic control group experimental design tests whether an intervention works under routine, real-world conditions by comparing it against a control condition — typically usual care or an active comparator — rather than a tightly controlled placebo. It prioritises external validity and applicability over the internal purity of an explanatory efficacy trial, asking whether an intervention makes a meaningful difference to people as they are actually treated in practice. | The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences. |
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