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	Panel Local Indicators of Spatial Association (Panel LISA)	Autokorelacja przestrzenna w panelach
Dziedzina	Analiza przestrzenna	Analiza przestrzenna
Rodzina	Regression model	Regression model
Rok powstania	1995 (LISA); panel extension 2000s–2010s	1988–2003
Twórca	Anselin (1995), panel extension developed through spatial econometrics literature	Anselin, L.; Elhorst, J. P.
Typ	Local spatial autocorrelation statistic	Diagnostic test / exploratory statistic
Źródło pierwotne	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association — LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.	Anselin, L. (2013). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Springer Netherlands. (Originally published 1988.) ISBN: 978-9401577991
Inne nazwy	Panel LISA, spatiotemporal LISA, panel local spatial autocorrelation, LISA panel extension	spatial autocorrelation in panel data, panel spatial dependence, spatio-temporal autocorrelation, cross-sectional dependence in panels
Pokrewne	4	5
Podsumowanie	Panel Local Indicators of Spatial Association extends Anselin's LISA statistics — most commonly Local Moran's I — to panel datasets, identifying spatial clusters and outliers at each location across multiple time periods. By applying local autocorrelation measures repeatedly over time, researchers can detect whether spatial concentration patterns emerge, persist, or dissolve, giving a richer spatiotemporal picture than a single cross-section allows.	Panel Spatial Autocorrelation measures whether observations that are geographically close also tend to have similar values across repeated time periods. It extends classic cross-sectional spatial autocorrelation statistics such as Moran's I to panel data, enabling researchers to detect spatial dependence consistently over time and to diagnose whether a panel regression model requires a spatial component.