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| Skala Orientacji Porównań Społecznych Iowa-Holandia× | Skala Zaburzeń Związanych z Mediami Społecznościowymi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychologia mediów społecznościowych | Psychologia mediów społecznościowych |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1999 | 2016 |
| Twórca≠ | Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk | Roos J. J. M. van den Eijnden, Jeroen S. Lemmens, and Patti M. Valkenburg |
| Typ | Self-report | Self-report |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142. DOI ↗ | van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 481–490. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy≠ | INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk | SMD Scale |
| Pokrewne | 4 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation. | The Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD Scale) is a 9-item self-report measure developed by van den Eijnden and colleagues in 2016 to assess problematic social media use characterized by loss of control, withdrawal, tolerance, and conflict—mirroring criteria from behavioral addiction frameworks. It identifies individuals whose engagement with social media platforms has reached clinically concerning levels that interfere with daily functioning. |
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