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| Obserwacja uczestnicząca z wielu źródeł× | Obserwacja uczestnicząca× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina≠ | Metodologia badań sondażowych | Badania jakościowe |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1980s (building on early 20th-century fieldwork traditions) | 1922 |
| Twórca≠ | Developed from classical participant observation traditions (Bronislaw Malinowski, Chicago School); multi-source extension codified by Hammersley & Atkinson and Spradley | Bronislaw Malinowski |
| Typ≠ | Qualitative data collection technique | Method |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030445019 | Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0465026432 |
| Inne nazwy | multi-site participant observation, triangulated participant observation, multi-vantage participant observation, MSPO | ethnographic observation, participatory observation, overt observation, immersive observation |
| Pokrewne≠ | 3 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | Multi-source participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher is embedded within a social setting and systematically gathers observational data from multiple vantage points, sites, or informant roles simultaneously. By triangulating across sources, the method strengthens credibility and provides a richer, more complete picture of social phenomena than single-site observation alone. | Participant observation is a qualitative research method in which the researcher embeds themselves within a community, organization, or social setting for an extended period, engaging in the activities and relationships of the group while systematically observing and documenting behavior, interactions, and cultural meaning. Pioneered by Malinowski in the 1920s and developed in anthropology, the method has been adopted across sociology, education, health sciences, and organizational research. The researcher functions as both insider (participating in group activities) and outsider (maintaining analytical distance), generating thick description—rich accounts of context, behavior, and meaning that reveal how people actually live and interact. |
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