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Notatki terenowe z wielu źródeł×Notatki terenowe z triangulacji×
DziedzinaMetodologia badań sondażowychMetodologia badań sondażowych
RodzinaProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
Rok powstania1970s–1990s (multi-observer extensions formalised in mixed-methods era)1970s–1980s
TwórcaEthnographic research tradition; systematised by Emerson, Fretz & ShawNorman K. Denzin (triangulation); Yvonna Lincoln & Egon Guba (trustworthiness framework)
TypQualitative data collection techniqueQualitative data collection and verification technique
Źródło pierwotneEmerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206837Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. link ↗
Inne nazwymulti-observer field notes, triangulated field notes, collaborative field notes, multi-site field notesmulti-source field notes, cross-observer field notes, triangulated observation notes, TFN
Pokrewne65
PodsumowanieMulti-source field notes is a data collection approach in which two or more observers, sites, or vantage points contribute written records of naturally occurring events, interactions, and settings. By pooling notes from multiple sources, researchers cross-check individual impressions and capture aspects of a scene that any single observer would miss, strengthening descriptive richness and analytical trustworthiness.Triangulated Field Notes is a qualitative data collection technique in which field notes are recorded independently by multiple observers, from multiple vantage points, or at multiple time points and then systematically compared to strengthen the credibility and completeness of observational data. Rooted in Denzin's triangulation framework and Lincoln and Guba's trustworthiness criteria, the approach counters observer bias by cross-checking accounts before analysis begins.
ScholarGateZbiór danych
  1. v1
  2. 2 Źródła
  3. PUBLISHED
  1. v1
  2. 2 Źródła
  3. PUBLISHED

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ScholarGatePorównaj metody: Multi-source Field Notes · Triangulated Field Notes. Pobrano 2026-06-15 z https://scholargate.app/pl/compare