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| Wykres kontrolny wieloodpowiedzi× | Analiza rodzajów i skutków możliwych błędów (FMEA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Planowanie eksperymentów | Planowanie eksperymentów |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1947 (Hotelling T²); 1980s–1990s (MEWMA, MCUSUM extensions) | 1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s |
| Twórca≠ | Harold Hotelling (multivariate foundation); extended by Lowry, Woodall, and others | U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949) |
| Typ≠ | Multivariate statistical process monitoring | Proactive risk analysis technique |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Hotelling, H. (1947). Multivariate quality control illustrated by the air testing of sample bombsights. In C. Eisenhart, M. W. Hastay, & W. A. Wallis (Eds.), Techniques of Statistical Analysis (pp. 111–184). McGraw-Hill. link ↗ | Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989 |
| Inne nazwy | multivariate control chart, multi-response SPC, MRCC, multiple-response monitoring chart | FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis |
| Pokrewne | 6 | 6 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | A multi-response control chart simultaneously monitors two or more correlated quality characteristics on a single chart, preserving the correlation structure that univariate charts ignore. Built on Hotelling's T² statistic and its time-weighted extensions (MEWMA, MCUSUM), it detects process shifts that would be missed if each response were charted independently. It is the standard tool in manufacturing and service quality when product performance depends on multiple interrelated outputs. | Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes. |
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