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| Wielogrupowe różnicowanie funkcjonowania pozycji testowej (MG-DIF)× | Teoria odpowiedzi na pozycje (IRT) dla wielu grup (MG-IRT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychometria | Psychometria |
| Rodzina | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1980s-1990s | 1990s |
| Twórca≠ | Shealy & Stout (SIBTEST framework); Lord (IRT-based DIF) | Multiple contributors; formalized by Birnbaum (1968) for IRT; multi-group extensions developed through 1980s–1990s |
| Typ≠ | Measurement bias detection | Latent trait / measurement invariance |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Millsap, R. E. (2012). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728936 | Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191 |
| Inne nazwy | MG-DIF, multi-group DIF, differential item functioning across groups, multiple-group DIF analysis | MG-IRT, multiple-group IRT, multi-group latent trait model, IRT across groups |
| Pokrewne | 6 | 6 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | Multi-group differential item functioning examines whether test or scale items function equivalently across three or more distinct groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or country — after matching respondents on the underlying trait being measured. Items that behave differently across groups threaten fair measurement and valid score comparisons. | Multi-group item response theory fits IRT models simultaneously across two or more defined groups — such as males and females, or different cultural samples — to determine whether item parameters are invariant across those groups. It is the primary IRT-based framework for testing measurement equivalence and detecting differential item functioning (DIF) at the model level. |
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