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| Długoterminowa obserwacja nieuczestnicząca× | Etnografia× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina≠ | Metodologia badań sondażowych | Metody jakościowe |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | Early–mid 20th century (systematized 1920s–1970s) | c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific) |
| Twórca≠ | Rooted in sociological field research traditions (e.g., Chicago School); longitudinal extension developed through 20th-century social science methodology | Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology |
| Typ≠ | Longitudinal observational data collection | Qualitative fieldwork tradition |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Angrosino, M. (2007). Doing Ethnographic and Observational Research. Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412922173 | Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462 |
| Inne nazwy | longitudinal unobtrusive observation, repeated non-participant observation, longitudinal systematic observation, extended non-participant field observation | Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research |
| Pokrewne≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | Longitudinal non-participant observation is a data collection method in which a researcher systematically watches and records naturally occurring behaviors, interactions, or events at a setting over multiple, repeated observation sessions spanning weeks, months, or years — without joining or influencing the activities being observed. The researcher remains an external observer, producing a time-ordered record of change or continuity in the phenomenon under study. | Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together. |
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