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	Podłużna Eksploracyjna Analiza Czynnikowa (Longitudinal EFA)	Testowanie niezmienniczości pomiaru
Dziedzina	Psychometria	Psychometria
Rodzina	Latent structure	Latent structure
Rok powstania	1970s–1983	2000
Twórca	John R. Nesselroade and colleagues (lifespan developmental tradition)	Vandenberg & Lance
Typ	Latent variable / dimension reduction across time	Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure
Źródło pierwotne	Nesselroade, J. R. (1983). Temporal selection and factor invariance in the study of development and change. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.), Life-Span Development and Behavior (Vol. 5, pp. 59–87). Academic Press.	Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
Inne nazwy	LEFA, longitudinal factor analysis, repeated-measures EFA, panel EFA	Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği
Pokrewne	6	3
Podsumowanie	Longitudinal EFA applies exploratory factor analysis separately at each measurement occasion — or jointly across occasions — to discover whether the same latent factor structure emerges over time and whether factor loadings remain stable across waves. It is the foundational data-driven approach for examining structural change and continuity in panel and developmental research.	Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means.