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| Modele lokalizacyjno-alokacyjne× | Modele interakcji przestrzennej (grawitacyjne)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Analiza przestrzenna | Analiza przestrzenna |
| Rodzina≠ | Process / pipeline | Regression model |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1963 | 1971 |
| Twórca≠ | Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi | Alan Wilson (entropy-maximizing family) |
| Typ≠ | Spatial facility-location optimization | Model of flows between spatial origins and destinations |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343. DOI ↗ | Wilson, A. G. (1971). A family of spatial interaction models, and associated developments. Environment and Planning A, 3(1), 1–32. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri | gravity model, spatial interaction model, competing destinations model, mekânsal etkileşim modeli |
| Pokrewne | 4 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population. | Spatial interaction models predict the volume of flows — migrants, commuters, shoppers, trade, trips — between origins and destinations as a function of the size of each place and the distance or cost separating them. By analogy to Newton's gravity, interaction rises with the 'mass' of origin and destination and falls with separation, and Wilson's 1971 entropy-maximizing family put these models on a rigorous footing for transport, migration, and retail analysis. |
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