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| Twardość Janki× | Skurcz drewna× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Leśnictwo | Leśnictwo |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1934 | 1950 |
| Twórca≠ | Gabriel Janka | Carl Skaar |
| Typ≠ | hardness test | moisture response test |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | ASTM D1037-21. (2021). Standard test methods for evaluating properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials. ASTM International. link ↗ | ASTM D143-19. (2019). Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber. ASTM International. link ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | wood hardness, resistance to indentation | dimensional change, anisotropic shrinkage |
| Pokrewne≠ | 3 | 2 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Janka hardness test measures wood resistance to indentation and denting by forcing a steel ball into the wood surface under standard load. Developed by Gabriel Janka in 1934, the test is a simple, nondestructive indicator of wood durability, wear resistance, and suitability for flooring, furniture, and other wear-prone applications. Janka hardness is one of the most widely used wood property metrics in wood science and commerce. | Wood shrinkage is the dimensional change that occurs as wood loses moisture from green (freshly felled) to oven-dry condition. Wood shrinks anisotropically: tangentially (along growth rings) more than radially (from center to edge), and both more than longitudinally (along the grain). Measuring shrinkage percentages is essential for understanding wood drying behavior, predicting checking and warping, and selecting materials for applications sensitive to dimensional change (flooring, cabinetry, musical instruments). |
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