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| Interpersonal Reactivity Index× | Skala Kolektywizmu-Indywidualizmu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychologia społeczna | Psychologia społeczna |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1980 | 1994 |
| Twórca≠ | Mark H. Davis | Theodore M. Singelis and Hazel R. Markus |
| Typ | Self-report Likert scale | Self-report Likert scale |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85. link ↗ | Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580–591. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | IRI | C-I Scale |
| Pokrewne | 4 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a 28-item self-report measure developed by Mark H. Davis in 1980 to assess individual differences in empathy as a multidimensional construct. Rather than treating empathy as a single trait, the IRI measures four distinct empathic dimensions: perspective-taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. It has become the most widely used multidimensional empathy measure in psychological and social science research. | The Collectivism-Individualism Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess individual differences in independent versus interdependent self-construal and cultural orientation toward individualism and collectivism. Developed by Singelis (1994) and refined through subsequent research by Triandis and colleagues, the scale operationalizes self-concept dimensions as independent (autonomous, unique) or interdependent (connected, embedded in relationships). It has become a fundamental tool for cross-cultural psychology research. |
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