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	Manewr Asysty Grawitacyjnej	Transfer Hohmanna
Dziedzina	Fizyka stosowana	Fizyka stosowana
Rodzina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok powstania	1961	1925
Twórca	Michael Minovitch	Walter Hohmann
Typ	Orbital maneuver technique	Trajectory optimization algorithm
Źródło pierwotne	Minovitch, M. A. (1961). The determination and characteristics of ballistic interplanetary trajectories under the influence of multiple planetary gravitational fields. Technical Report 32-464, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.	Hohmann, W. (1925). Die Erreichbarkeit der Himmelskörper. R. Oldenbourg.
Inne nazwy	swing-by, gravitational slingshot	Hohmann-Vallado transfer, two-impulse maneuver
Pokrewne	4	4
Podsumowanie	A gravity assist (or swing-by) maneuver uses the gravitational field of a planet or other celestial body to alter a spacecraft's trajectory and velocity without expending fuel. Discovered by Michael Minovitch at JPL in 1961, this technique is crucial for reaching distant planets economically. It works by exploiting the relative motion between the spacecraft, the assisting body, and the Sun.	The Hohmann transfer is a maneuver that transfers a spacecraft between two circular orbits using two impulsive burns (velocity changes). Introduced by German engineer Walter Hohmann in 1925, it is the most fuel-efficient method for coplanar orbital transfers when the transfer time is not severely constrained. The transfer orbit is an ellipse tangent to both the initial and final orbits.