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	Kwestionariusz Ogólnego Stanu Zdrowia-12 (GHQ-12)	Geriatryczna Skala Depresji (GDS)	Skala Lęku i Depresji w Szpitalu (HADS)	Skala Oceny Wskaźników Psychologicznych Kesslera-10 (K10)
Dziedzina	Psychologia kliniczna	Psychologia kliniczna	Psychologia kliniczna	Psychologia kliniczna
Rodzina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok powstania	1992	1982	1983	2002
Twórca	David P. Goldberg	Jerome A. Yesavage, Terry L. Brink, and colleagues	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
Typ	Psychiatric symptom screening	Age-appropriate depression screening	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Non-specific psychological distress screening
Źródło pierwotne	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Inne nazwy	GHQ-12, GHQ	GDS, GDS-15, GDS-30	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
Pokrewne	5	5	4	5
Podsumowanie	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A validated 15-item short form (GDS-15) is widely used in primary care and community settings for rapid screening.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.