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	Experiences in Close Relationships Scale	Need to Belong Scale
Dziedzina	Psychologia społeczna	Psychologia społeczna
Rodzina	Latent structure	Latent structure
Rok powstania	1998	2013
Twórca	Kelly Brennan, Catherine Clark & Phillip Shaver	Mark Leary and colleagues
Typ	Self-report two-dimensional scale	Self-report individual-difference scale
Źródło pierwotne	Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships (pp. 46-76). Guilford Press. ISBN: 9781572302365	Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013). Construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale: Mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(6), 610-624.
Inne nazwy	ECR, Adult Attachment Scale, Brennan-Clark-Shaver Attachment Scale	NTBS, Belongingness Need Scale, Need for Belonging Measure
Pokrewne	3	3
Podsumowanie	The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) scale, developed by Brennan, Clark, and Shaver in 1998, is the most widely used self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. The authors factor-analyzed essentially all existing English-language attachment measures and found that they reduced to two orthogonal dimensions: attachment anxiety, the fear of rejection and abandonment and a craving for closeness and reassurance, and attachment avoidance, discomfort with intimacy and dependence and a preference for self-reliance. The resulting 36-item scale, with 18 items per dimension rated on a Likert scale, locates each respondent in a two-dimensional attachment space whose regions correspond to the familiar secure, preoccupied, dismissing, and fearful styles. Highly reliable and extensively validated, the ECR (and its revision, the ECR-R) became the standard instrument for studying how attachment shapes relationship functioning, emotion regulation, and support-seeking across close relationships.	The Need to Belong Scale (NTBS) is a brief self-report instrument that measures individual differences in the strength of a person's motivation to form and maintain social bonds. Grounded in Baumeister and Leary's belongingness hypothesis -- the claim that the need to belong is a fundamental human motive -- the scale asks respondents to rate agreement with statements about wanting acceptance, fearing rejection, and needing to feel connected. Leary, Kelly, Cottrell, and Schreindorfer's 2013 validation established its construct validity across nine studies, showing that need to belong correlates with but is distinct from related constructs such as affiliation motivation and extraversion, and predicts sensitivity to social cues and reactions to exclusion. It has become a standard moderator and individual-difference measure in research on rejection, ostracism, and social motivation.