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| Skala Dobrostanu Egzystencjalnego (EWB)× | Skala Orientacji Religijnej Quest× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychologia religii | Psychologia religii |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1982 | 1976 |
| Twórca≠ | Raymond F. Paloutzian & Craig W. Ellison | Daniel C. Batson & W. Larry Ventis |
| Typ | Self-report | Self-report |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and the quality of life. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp. 224–237). Wiley. ISBN: 9780471084846. link ↗ | Batson, C. D., & Ventis, W. L. (1982). The Religious Experience: A Social-Psychological Perspective. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195030761. link ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | EWB, Existential Well-Being | Quest Scale, Religious Quest |
| Pokrewne | 4 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Existential Well-Being Scale (EWB), developed by Paloutzian and Ellison in 1982, is a 10-item self-report measure of existential meaning and well-being: the sense that one's life has purpose, direction, and intrinsic value. Derived from the larger Spiritual Well-Being Scale (which includes religious well-being), the EWB focuses on the secular dimension of well-being—not faith or religious conviction, but existential satisfaction and sense of purpose. It has become widely used in psychology and health research to assess meaning, life satisfaction, and resilience factors protective against depression, anxiety, and suicide. | The Quest Scale, developed by Batson and Ventis (1976), is a 12-item self-report measure of a third religious orientation beyond Allport and Ross's intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. The 'quest' orientation reflects an open, questioning approach to religion: someone who views faith as an ongoing journey of exploration and doubt rather than a settled worldview or instrumental tool. High quest scorers embrace existential uncertainty, seek genuine answers to life's deepest questions, and are comfortable with religious doubt and revision. The scale has become important in understanding mature religious development and predicting prosocial behavior, openness, and psychological flexibility. |
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