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| Skala Depresji w Badaniach Epidemiologicznych (CES-D)× | Skale Oceny Depresji, Lęku i Stresu-21 (DASS-21)× | Skala Lęku i Depresji w Szpitalu (HADS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychologia kliniczna | Psychologia kliniczna | Psychologia kliniczna |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1977 | 1995 | 1983 |
| Twórca≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith |
| Typ≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy≠ | CES-D, CESD | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D |
| Pokrewne≠ | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. |
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