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| Badanie kliniczno-kontrolne× | Badanie zagnieżdżone typu przypadek-kontrola× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Epidemiologia | Epidemiologia |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s | 1973–1977 |
| Twórca≠ | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s | Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization) |
| Typ≠ | Observational analytic study design | Hybrid observational study design |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 | Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491. link ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis | NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control |
| Pokrewne | 6 | 6 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. | A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding. |
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