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| Znaczenie pożaru (dNBR)× | Ułamek szczelin w drzewostanie× | Model pożarowy Rothermela× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Leśnictwo | Leśnictwo | Leśnictwo |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 2006 | 1979 | 1972 |
| Twórca≠ | Carl Key | John Norman | Richard Rothermel |
| Typ≠ | remote sensing index | measurement pipeline | fire propagation model |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Key, C. H., & Benson, N. C. (2006). Landscape Assessment (LA): Sampling and Analysis Methods. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-164-CD, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. link ↗ | Machado, J.-L., & Reich, P. B. (1999). Evaluation of several measures of canopy openness. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29(9), 1439–1444. link ↗ | Rothermel, R. C. (1972). A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. Research Paper INT-115, USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station. link ↗ |
| Inne nazwy≠ | dNBR, Delta NBR, burn severity index | gap fraction, canopy openness | fire spread model, BEHAVE model |
| Pokrewne≠ | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | Burn severity is a quantitative measure of fire-induced changes in vegetation and soil, assessed using satellite-based spectral indices. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and its delta (dNBR) compare pre-fire and post-fire spectral reflectance in the near-infrared and shortwave-infrared bands to detect fire-caused vegetation damage and soil exposure. Developed by Key and Benson in 2006, dNBR has become the standard remote-sensing tool for rapid post-fire assessment and is used for emergency response, recovery planning, and ecological analysis. | Canopy gap fraction quantifies the proportion of sky visible through the forest canopy, expressed as a percentage. Developed to measure light availability in the understory, it is a standard metric in forest ecology for characterizing canopy structure and microhabitat conditions. This measure is essential for understanding light-limited photosynthesis and seedling establishment in closed-canopy forests. | The Rothermel fire spread model, developed by Richard Rothermel in 1972, is a mechanistic mathematical model that predicts the rate of fire spread through surface fuels using fuel characteristics, weather, and topography. It forms the theoretical foundation of the BEHAVE fire modeling system used operationally by fire agencies worldwide. The model integrates principles from combustion physics, heat transfer, and fuel science to quantify how fire intensity, fuel moisture, wind, and slope interact to drive wildfire propagation. |
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