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| Aerodynamiczny strumień masowy× | Wiatr termiczny× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Meteorologia | Meteorologia |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1981 | 1920s |
| Twórca≠ | Large and Pond | Jacobbian insights from geostrophic flow |
| Typ≠ | Surface flux estimation method | Wind-temperature relationship |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Large, W. G., & Pond, S. (1981). Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(3), 324-336. DOI ↗ | Holton, J. R. (2004). An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (4th ed.). Academic Press. link ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | Bulk aerodynamic approach, Bulk flux parametrization, Aerodynamic bulk method | Thermal wind, Vertical wind shear, Barotropic |
| Pokrewne | 3 | 3 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The bulk aerodynamic method estimates surface energy and momentum fluxes from standard meteorological observations. Rather than measuring turbulent fluxes directly, it parameterizes them using measurements of wind speed, temperature, and moisture at a reference height (typically 10 m) and surface conditions, multiplied by empirically derived drag and transfer coefficients. | The thermal wind relationship is a fundamental meteorological principle that links vertical wind shear to horizontal temperature gradients. It states that wind speed increases with height in the direction of warming—a direct consequence of hydrostatic and geostrophic balance combined with the ideal gas law. |
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