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	Formowanie wiązki	Akustyczna holografia
Dziedzina	Akustyka	Akustyka
Rodzina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok powstania	1988	1985
Twórca	Van Veen, Barry Buckley	James Maynard, Earl Williams, Yongjian Lee
Typ	Directional audio array processing	Sound field reconstruction method
Źródło pierwotne	Van Veen, B. D., & Buckley, K. M. (1988). Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering. IEEE ASSP Magazine, 5(2), 4–24.	Maynard, J. D., Williams, E. G., & Lee, Y. (1985). Near-field acoustic holography: I. Theory of generalized holography and the development of NAH. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78(4), 1395–1413.
Inne nazwy	beamformer, spatial filtering, microphone array, phased array	NAH, near-field acoustics, sound field mapping, acoustic imaging
Pokrewne	5	5
Podsumowanie	Beamforming is a spatial signal processing technique that uses microphone arrays to selectively enhance sound from a desired direction while suppressing sounds from other directions. Formalized by Van Veen and Buckley in 1988, beamforming is fundamental to hands-free speech communication, hearing aids, sonar, radar, and spatial audio recording. It enables 'listening' with directional sensitivity despite using omnidirectional microphones, by exploiting time delays and phase differences between array elements.	Near-Field Acoustic Holography (NAH) is a technique for reconstructing 3D acoustic sound fields and visualizing sound radiation from sources by measuring pressure at a dense microphone array in the near field. Pioneered by Maynard, Williams, and Lee in 1985, NAH extends holographic principles from optics to acoustics, enabling detailed acoustic source characterization, noise source identification, and acoustic field visualization that is impossible with conventional single-point or line-array methods.