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| Angoff Standard Setting× | Bookmark Standard Setting× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Education | Education |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1971 | 2001 |
| Twórca≠ | William H. Angoff | Howard Mitzel, Daniel Lewis, Richard Patz & Donald Ross Green (CTB/McGraw-Hill) |
| Typ≠ | Test-centered standard-setting procedure for establishing cut scores | IRT-based standard-setting procedure using ordered item booklets |
| Źródło pierwotne | Cizek, G. J., & Bunch, M. B. (2007). Standard Setting: A Guide to Establishing and Evaluating Performance Standards on Tests. Sage. ISBN: 9781412916820 | Cizek, G. J., & Bunch, M. B. (2007). Standard Setting: A Guide to Establishing and Evaluating Performance Standards on Tests. Sage. ISBN: 9781412916820 |
| Inne nazwy | Angoff Method, Modified Angoff Method, Yes/No Angoff, Angoff Cut-Score Procedure | Bookmark Method, Bookmark Procedure, Item Mapping Standard Setting, Ordered Item Booklet Method |
| Pokrewne | 3 | 3 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Angoff method is a test-centered procedure for establishing a passing score (cut score) on an examination. A panel of content experts conceptualizes a 'borderline' or minimally competent examinee and, for each item, estimates the probability that such an examinee would answer it correctly. Summing those probabilities yields a recommended cut score for each panelist, and averaging across panelists and discussion rounds produces the performance standard. It is among the most widely used standard-setting methods in licensure, certification, and K-12 testing. | The Bookmark method is an item-response-theory-based standard-setting procedure in which test items are arranged in a booklet ordered from easiest to hardest. Panelists page through this ordered item booklet and place a 'bookmark' at the point separating items a borderline examinee would likely master from those they would not, judged against a fixed response probability (commonly two-thirds). The latent ability at the bookmark defines the cut score. Developed at CTB/McGraw-Hill, it became one of the dominant methods for large-scale K-12 assessments. |
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