Matched Randomized Clinical Trial
A matched randomized clinical trial pairs participants (or clusters) on key baseline characteristics before randomization, then allocates one member of each pair to treatment and the other to control. This design combines the causal validity of randomization with the covariate balance of matching, increasing statistical efficiency and reducing confounding from known prognostic variables without sacrificing the internal validity of a controlled experiment.
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- Imai, K., King, G., & Nall, C. (2009). The essential role of pair matching in cluster-randomized experiments, with application to the Mexican universal health insurance evaluation. Statistical Science, 24(1), 29–53. · DOI 10.1214/08-STS274
- Greevy, R., Lu, B., Silber, J. H., & Rosenbaum, P. R. (2004). Optimal multivariate matching before randomization. Biostatistics, 5(2), 263–275. · DOI 10.1093/biostatistics/5.2.263
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