Article Retraction Process
An article retraction is the invalidation of a published article due to serious flaws (data fraud, major methodological errors, ethical violations) that undermine its conclusions. Retractions are distinct from corrections (which address minor errors) and are initiated by authors, editors, or institutions when integrity is compromised. The first modern retraction was published in 1948. COPE published formal Retraction Guidelines in 2009 (updated 2019) that specify when retraction is appropriate, how it is conducted, and how retraction notices are recorded. Retracted articles remain in the literature with a visible 'RETRACTED' watermark, preserving the scientific record and warning readers.
Bronrecord
Citaten letterlijk overgenomen uit het bronrecord van de methode. Hieruit wordt geen verificatie op claimniveau afgeleid.
- Committee on Publication Ethics (2019). Retraction Guidelines. COPE. · URL
- Garfield, E., & Welljams-Dorof, A. (1990). Citation Data: Its Use as a Science Indicator for Measuring and Evaluating the Activity of Scientists. Science and Public Policy, 17(5), 359–375. · URL
- Retraction Watch (2023). Database of Retracted Publications. Ivan Oransky & Adam Marcus. · URL
Gecureerde claims
Claims opgeslagen in het bewijsregister, elk met zijn eigen beoordeling.
Deze weergave verzint geen claimbeoordeling als het register er geen heeft.
Gerelateerde methoden
Gegenereerd uit de methodegraaf en getoond als machinaal voorgestelde relaties — er wordt geen bewijsclaim afgeleid.