Methoden vergelijken

	Support for Political Violence Measure	Blatant Dehumanization Scale
Vakgebied	Politieke psychologie	Politieke psychologie
Familie	Latent structure	Latent structure
Jaar van ontstaan	2022	2015
Grondlegger	Nathan Kalmoe & Lilliana Mason	Nour Kteily, Emile Bruneau, Adam Waytz & Sarah Cotterill
Type	Attitude scale for endorsement of partisan violence	Graphic-slider measure of dehumanization
Oorspronkelijke bron	Kalmoe, N. P., & Mason, L. (2022). Radical American Partisanship: Mapping Violent Hostility, Its Causes, and the Consequences for Democracy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226820286	Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotterill, S. (2015). The Ascent of Man: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence for Blatant Dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 901-931.
Aliassen	Lethal Partisanship Scale, Support for Partisan Violence Battery, Kalmoe-Mason Political Violence Items, Radical Partisanship Measure	Ascent of Man Scale, Ascent Dehumanization Measure, Kteily-Bruneau Dehumanization Scale, Blatant Animalistic Dehumanization Measure
Verwant	3	3
Samenvatting	This measure assesses citizens' willingness to endorse violence against political opponents, a key indicator of democratic fragility. Nathan Kalmoe and Lilliana Mason's research, synthesized in Radical American Partisanship (2022), maps a continuum of violent partisan hostility from wishing harm on the other side to endorsing lethal attacks, using representative surveys and embedded behavioral experiments. Because such attitudes are rare and the items are extreme, the measure has prompted vigorous methodological debate, exemplified by Westwood and colleagues' demonstration that inattentive responding and item design can substantially inflate apparent support, making bias correction central to credible estimates.	The Blatant Dehumanization Scale, also called the Ascent of Man measure, captures the willingness to overtly deny full humanity to an out-group. Developed by Nour Kteily, Emile Bruneau, Adam Waytz, and Sarah Cotterill in 2015, it uses the iconic evolutionary image of a creature progressing from ape to upright human and asks respondents to rate, on a slider from zero to one hundred, how evolved different social groups are. The gap between how human respondents rate their own group and how human they rate an out-group is a strikingly direct, robust predictor of hostility, support for coercive policies, and aggression that goes beyond ordinary dislike.