Methoden vergelijken

	Remittance Impact Evaluation	Return Migration Analysis
Vakgebied	Migration Studies	Migration Studies
Familie	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Jaar van ontstaan	2008	2004
Grondlegger	Dean Yang	Jean-Pierre Cassarino
Type	Causal-inference design for the effect of remittances on household outcomes	Conceptual-analytic framework for theorising and assessing return migration
Oorspronkelijke bron	Yang, D. (2008). International Migration, Remittances and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants' Exchange Rate Shocks. The Economic Journal, 118(528), 591-630.	Cassarino, J.-P. (2004). Theorising Return Migration: The Conceptual Approach to Return Migrants Revisited. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 6(2), 253-279.
Aliassen	Remittance Causal Effect Estimation, Exchange-Rate Shock Remittance Design, Remittance IV Evaluation, Yang Remittance Identification	Return Preparedness Framework, Cassarino Return Typology, Resource-Mobilization Analysis of Return, Reintegration Readiness Assessment
Verwant	3	3
Samenvatting	Remittance impact evaluation is the set of causal-inference designs used to estimate what remittances actually do to the households that receive them — their effect on investment, schooling, child labor, entrepreneurship, and labor supply — rather than merely correlating remittance receipts with outcomes. The central difficulty is endogeneity: households with migrants and remittances differ systematically from those without, both in observable ways and in unobserved drive, networks, and shocks, so a naive comparison confounds the effect of remittances with the selection into sending a migrant. Dean Yang's 2008 study of Philippine households provided the design that defines the field, exploiting the sharp, differently-sized exchange-rate shocks of the 1997 Asian financial crisis: because migrants were working in many different countries, their home-currency remittances rose or fell by different amounts for reasons unrelated to the household, creating exogenous variation in remittance value. Using this shock as an instrument, Yang found that favorable shocks raised household investment, schooling, and entrepreneurship rather than just consumption. The approach interprets such results through the new economics of labor migration, in which remittances relax credit and insurance constraints. It has become the template for credible remittance evaluation.	Return migration analysis examines why and how migrants go back to their countries of origin and, crucially, what determines whether that return succeeds. Jean-Pierre Cassarino's 2004 reconceptualization shifted the field away from asking only whether return signals economic failure or success, toward two organizing ideas: preparedness — the migrant's willingness and capacity to gather resources before returning — and resource mobilization, the tangible and intangible assets a returnee brings home. Set within a social-network and cross-border-embeddedness framework, the approach treats return not as the end of a migration but as a stage whose outcome depends on how prepared and resourced the returnee is and how connected they remain to networks in both origin and host societies. Analytically it is a conceptual pipeline: it situates a return within competing theories, assesses preparedness, inventories mobilized resources, evaluates network embeddedness, and classifies the return — distinguishing prepared, voluntary returns likely to reintegrate well from failure-driven or forced returns that are not. The framework reoriented return studies around readiness and reintegration rather than a simple success/failure verdict.