Methoden vergelijken

	Etnografisch onderzoek	Veldnotities	Deelnemende observatie
Vakgebied	Kwalitatief onderzoek	Surveymethodologie	Kwalitatief onderzoek
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Jaar van ontstaan	1920s–1970s	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)	1922
Grondlegger	Anthropology (Malinowski, Boas); applied in health and sociology (Geertz)	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.	Bronislaw Malinowski
Type	Method	Qualitative data collection and recording technique	Method
Oorspronkelijke bron	Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. Basic Books.	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813	Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0465026432
Aliassen	Ethnography, Participatory Observation, Field Research	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings	ethnographic observation, participatory observation, overt observation, immersive observation
Verwant	4	6	4
Samenvatting	Ethnographic research is an immersive qualitative methodology in which researchers spend prolonged time in a community, organization, or social setting, combining participant observation, interviews, and document analysis to develop a rich, contextual understanding of a group's beliefs, practices, and social structures. Grounded in anthropology and refined for health, organizational, and social research, ethnography produces 'thick description' (Geertz 1973) that reveals the meaning and context underlying observable behavior.	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.	Participant observation is a qualitative research method in which the researcher embeds themselves within a community, organization, or social setting for an extended period, engaging in the activities and relationships of the group while systematically observing and documenting behavior, interactions, and cultural meaning. Pioneered by Malinowski in the 1920s and developed in anthropology, the method has been adopted across sociology, education, health sciences, and organizational research. The researcher functions as both insider (participating in group activities) and outsider (maintaining analytical distance), generating thick description—rich accounts of context, behavior, and meaning that reveal how people actually live and interact.