Methoden vergelijken

	Kritische Digitale Etnografie	Kritische Discourse Analyse
Vakgebied	Kwalitatief	Kwalitatief
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Jaar van ontstaan	2000s–2010s	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
Grondlegger	Synthesised from critical ethnography (Thomas, 1993) and digital/virtual ethnography (Hine, 2000); scholars including Bhatt, de Roock, and Saldanha developed explicit critical-digital frameworks from the 2010s onward	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
Type	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
Oorspronkelijke bron	Bhatt, I., & de Roock, R. (2013). Capturing the sociomateriality of digital literacy events. Research in Learning Technology, 21. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21624	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
Aliassen	CDE, critical online ethnography, critical virtual ethnography, digital critical ethnography	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
Verwant	5	6
Samenvatting	Critical digital ethnography is a qualitative research design that combines the immersive, participatory observation of digital ethnography with the power-conscious, emancipatory orientation of critical theory. Researchers embed themselves in online communities, platforms, or digital practices and examine not only what people do online but also how digital spaces reproduce, challenge, or transform structures of power, inequality, and identity. It is widely used in education, communication studies, and social science.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.