Hierarchical Survey Research
Hierarchical survey research is a quantitative design that collects survey data from respondents who are naturally nested within higher-level units — such as students within classrooms, employees within organizations, or patients within hospitals — and uses multilevel (hierarchical linear) modeling to analyze variation at each level simultaneously. It is the standard approach whenever survey data have a clustered structure that would violate the independence assumption of ordinary regression.
Rekod sumber
Petikan disalin secara verbatim daripada rekod sumber kaedah. Tiada pengesahan peringkat tuntutan disimpulkan daripadanya.
- Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (2012). Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling (2nd ed.). Sage. · ISBN 978-1849202015
- Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. · ISBN 978-1848728462
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