GM(1,1) Grey Forecasting
GM(1,1) is the core forecasting model of grey system theory, introduced by Julong Deng in 1982, designed to predict from very few observations and incomplete information — situations where classical time-series models like ARIMA need far more data. It accumulates the raw series to expose a hidden exponential trend, fits a first-order grey differential equation, and projects future values, making it popular in engineering, energy, and management forecasting with short data records.
Rekod sumber
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- Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of grey systems. Systems & Control Letters, 1(5), 288–294. · DOI 10.1016/S0167-6911(82)80025-X
- Liu, S., & Lin, Y. (2010). Grey Systems: Theory and Applications. Springer. · ISBN 978-3-642-13937-6
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