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Bongaarts Proximate Determinants

The Bongaarts framework of the proximate determinants of fertility decomposes a population's fertility into a biological maximum reduced by a small set of directly fertility-inhibiting factors: the proportion of women in sexual unions, contraceptive use, induced abortion, and postpartum infecundability. By expressing observed fertility as total fecundity multiplied by four indices between zero and one, it quantifies how much each behavioural and biological channel suppresses fertility below its potential ceiling.

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Bongaarts Framework of the Proximate Determinants of Fertility

Rekod kaedah taksonomik · process-pipeline / demography

Bongaarts, J. (1978). A framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility. Population and Development Review, 4(1), 105–132. · URL
Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. · ISBN 9781557864512

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Same method familyMean Age at Childbearingmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyNet Reproduction Ratemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyTempo-Adjusted Fertilitymachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyTotal Fertility Ratemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.