Bandingkan kaedah

	zk-STARK	Kriptografi Pasca-Kuantum (Kyber)
Bidang	Kriptografi	Kriptografi
Keluarga	Machine learning	Machine learning
Tahun asal	2018	2022
Pengasas	Eli Ben-Sasson	NIST PQC Standardization Project
Jenis	transparent zero-knowledge argument of knowledge	post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism
Sumber perintis	Ben-Sasson, E., Bentov, I., Horesh, Y., & Riabzev, M. (2019). Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity. In IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2018/046.	Avanzi, R., Bos, J., Ducas, L., & Kiltz, E. (2022). CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm specification and supporting documentation. NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project.
Alias	zk-STARK, transparent argument of knowledge, STARK	PQC, quantum-resistant cryptography, quantum-safe
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	A zk-STARK (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system allowing a prover to convince a verifier of a computation's correctness without trusted setup or revealing computational details. Introduced by Ben-Sasson and colleagues in 2018, zk-STARKs address a key limitation of zk-SNARKs: they require no preprocessing phase vulnerable to corruption. Instead, STARKs rely only on cryptographic hash functions, making them simpler, more transparent, and believed to be post-quantum secure.	Post-quantum cryptography comprises cryptographic algorithms believed to be secure against both classical and quantum computers. In 2022, NIST standardized post-quantum algorithms including ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) for key encapsulation and ML-DSA (CRYSTALS-Dilithium) for signatures. Post-quantum cryptography is essential for systems requiring long-term confidentiality, as adversaries may record encrypted communications today and decrypt them once quantum computers become available.