Bandingkan kaedah

	Visual Anthropology	Material Culture Analysis
Bidang	Anthropology	Anthropology
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2001	2012
Pengasas	Visual anthropology tradition (synthesized by Marcus Banks; ethnographic film lineage)	Material culture studies tradition (Ian Hodder; Appadurai/Kopytoff object-biography lineage)
Jenis	Use and analysis of images as ethnographic data and representation	Systematic study of objects as evidence about culture and social relations
Sumber perintis	Banks, M. (2001). Visual Methods in Social Research. London: Sage. ISBN: 9780761963646	Hodder, I. (2012). Entangled: An Archaeology of the Relationships between Humans and Things. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 9780470672129
Alias	Visual Ethnography, Ethnographic Film and Photography, Image-Based Anthropology, Anthropology of Visual Media	Material Culture Studies, Object Analysis, Artefact Analysis, Anthropology of Things
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Visual anthropology is the use and analysis of photography, film, video, and other visual artefacts both as ethnographic evidence about a culture and as a means of representing anthropological knowledge. It encompasses images the researcher makes in the field, images that members of a community produce themselves, and images already circulating within a society, and it studies all of them as social objects with meanings and effects. As Marcus Banks frames it, every image carries an internal narrative — what it depicts — and an external narrative — the social relations of its making, circulation, and use — and visual anthropology attends to both.	Material culture analysis is the systematic study of physical objects and artefacts — tools, clothing, buildings, gifts, commodities, everyday possessions — as evidence about the people and societies that make, use, exchange, and discard them. It treats things not as inert backdrop but as active participants in social life, carrying meanings, structuring practices, and binding people into relationships. Drawing on object-biography thinking and on Ian Hodder's account of human–thing entanglement, it asks what an object's form, history, and circulation can reveal about culture that words alone cannot.