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| Plagiarisme Perkataan demi Perkataan× | Kesamaan vs Plagiarisme: Memahami Perbezaan× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Etika Penyelidikan | Etika Penyelidikan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1950s | 2000s |
| Pengasas≠ | Academic integrity framework (modern definition) | Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies |
| Jenis | Concept | Concept |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Council of Canadian Academies (2019). The state of science and technology in Canada. Ottawa: Council of Canadian Academies. link ↗ | Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog. link ↗ |
| Alias | direct plagiarism, copy-and-paste plagiarism, literal copying | similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Verbatim plagiarism is the most straightforward and recognizable form of academic misconduct: copying text word-for-word from a source without quotation marks, citation, or attribution. It is the most easily detected form of plagiarism and carries severe institutional and career consequences. | A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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