Bandingkan kaedah

	Pencarian Jiran S variable (VNS)	Harmony Search	Tabu Search
Bidang	Pengoptimuman	Pengoptimuman	Pengoptimuman
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1997	2001	1989
Pengasas	—	Zong Woo Geem, Joong Hoon Kim, G. V. Loganathan	Fred Glover
Jenis	Metaheuristic — neighborhood-based	Metaheuristic population-based optimization	Local-search metaheuristic
Sumber perintis	Mladenović, N. & Hansen, P. (1997). Variable Neighborhood Search. Computers & Operations Research, 24(11), 1097–1100.	Geem, Z. W., Kim, J. H., & Loganathan, G. V. (2001). A New Heuristic Optimization Algorithm: Harmony Search. Simulation, 76(2), 60–68.	Glover, F. (1989). Tabu Search — Part I. ORSA Journal on Computing, 1(3), 190–206.
Alias	VNS, Değişken Komşuluk Araması (VNS), variable neighbourhood search	HS algorithm, Harmoni Araması (Harmony Search), music-inspired optimization	Tabu Araması (Tabu Search), TS, tabu metaheuristic
Berkaitan	4	5	4
Ringkasan	Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) is a metaheuristic optimization framework introduced by Mladenović and Hansen in 1997. It escapes local optima by systematically switching among a predefined set of neighborhood structures — first perturbing the current solution (shaking) to reach a different region of the search space, then applying a local search within that region, and finally accepting the new solution only if it improves the incumbent. The method is flexible enough to handle combinatorial problems (routing, scheduling, graph problems) as well as continuous optimization, making it one of the most widely used neighborhood-based metaheuristics in operations research.	Harmony Search (HS) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm introduced by Geem, Kim, and Loganathan in 2001. It mimics the improvisation process of jazz musicians seeking a perfect state of harmony, using three operators — memory consideration, pitch adjustment, and random selection — to generate candidate solutions. The algorithm applies to both continuous and discrete variables and has found wide use in engineering design, water distribution network optimization, and combinatorial problems.	Tabu Search is a local-search metaheuristic introduced by Fred Glover in 1989 that uses a tabu list — a short-term memory of recently visited solutions — to prevent cycling and escape local optima. By explicitly forbidding moves that reverse recent decisions, the algorithm explores the search space more broadly and, through long-term memory structures such as aspiration criteria, aims to approach the global optimum even in large, complex combinatorial problems.