Bandingkan kaedah

	Direktori Siri Global Ulrichsweb	Journal Citation Reports	Pangkalan Data Web of Science
Bidang	Bibliometrik	Bibliometrik	Bibliometrik
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1932	1975	1964
Pengasas	Bowker (originally R.R. Bowker), now ProQuest LLC	Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), now Clarivate Analytics	Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), now Clarivate Analytics
Jenis	Database	Tool	Database
Sumber perintis	ProQuest. (2024). Ulrichsweb: Global Serials Directory. Retrieved from https://ulrichsweb.serialssolutions.com/	Clarivate Analytics. (2024). Journal Citation Reports. Retrieved from https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/journal-citation-reports/	Clarivate Analytics. (2024). Web of Science Core Collection. Retrieved from https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/web-of-science-core-collection/
Alias	Ulrichsweb, Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory, Ulrich's Directory	JCR, Clarivate Journal Citation Reports	WoS, ISI Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics
Berkaitan	4	5	5
Ringkasan	Ulrichsweb is a comprehensive, subscription-based global serials directory cataloging over 300,000 print and electronic journals, magazines, newspapers, and other periodical publications. Developed by ProQuest (originally R.R. Bowker), Ulrichsweb has served librarians and researchers for over 90 years as the authoritative source for journal metadata, publication information, and peer-review verification. A unique feature is Ulrichsweb's verification program: editorial staff contact journals directly to confirm peer-review claims, marking journals as 'refereed' only after validation. This verification process distinguishes legitimate peer-reviewed journals from predatory publishers falsely claiming peer review.	Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is an annual publication by Clarivate Analytics providing comprehensive citation metrics and performance analytics for journals indexed in Web of Science Core Collection. Launched in 1975, JCR publishes Impact Factor, the most widely recognized journal quality metric, alongside supplementary metrics (5-year IF, Journal Citation Indicator, Immediacy Index, Cited Half-Life, and citation distribution analysis). JCR is the authoritative source for journal ranking, benchmarking, and impact assessment in research evaluation systems globally. Access requires institutional subscription, though some institutions provide free access to affiliated researchers.	Web of Science (WoS) is the oldest and most established multidisciplinary citation database, maintained by Clarivate Analytics since 1964. It indexes over 21,000 peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and books across sciences, social sciences, and humanities. WoS provides researchers, librarians, and administrators with comprehensive citation tracking, publication metrics, and research evaluation tools essential for literature review, impact assessment, and research strategy.