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| Kaedah Diari Triangulasi× | Kaedah Buku Harian Longitudinal× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Tinjauan | Metodologi Tinjauan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1977–1978 (seminal formulations); compound approach from 1990s onward | 1942 (diary method); longitudinal variant formalised 1980s–2000s |
| Pengasas≠ | Triangulation principle: Norman K. Denzin; Diary method: Donald H. Zimmerman & D. Lawrence Wieder | Allport (1942); systematic longitudinal extension developed by Bolger, Davis & Rafaeli (2003) |
| Jenis≠ | Qualitative/mixed-methods data collection technique | Longitudinal qualitative/quantitative data collection |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. link ↗ | Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 579–616. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | diary triangulation, multi-method diary study, triangulated diary research, diary-based triangulation | diary study (longitudinal), daily diary method, repeated-measures diary, longitudinal self-report diary |
| Berkaitan≠ | 2 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The triangulated diary method combines participant-generated diary records with at least one additional independent data source — such as interviews, observations, or documents — to verify, deepen, and cross-check findings. Rooted in Denzin's (1978) principle of methodological triangulation and Zimmerman and Wieder's (1977) diary-interview method, it uses the natural, time-stamped richness of diary data while mitigating the subjectivity and recall bias that a diary study alone cannot address. | The Longitudinal Diary Method is a data collection technique in which participants record experiences, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors in structured diary entries repeatedly over an extended period — from days to months or even years. Unlike a one-shot survey, it tracks within-person change, daily fluctuation, and temporal processes in natural settings, making it especially powerful for studying how phenomena evolve over time. |
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