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| Teknik Delphi Bertiga× | Teknik Kumpulan Nominal× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Metodologi Tinjauan | Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | Delphi: 1963; triangulation integration: 1970s–1990s | 1971 |
| Pengasas≠ | Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (Delphi); triangulation principle from Norman Denzin | André L. Delbecq and Andrew H. Van de Ven |
| Jenis≠ | Expert-consensus data collection with multi-method validation | Qualitative research method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Delbecq, A. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A group process model for problem identification and program planning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466–492. link ↗ |
| Alias | Delphi with triangulation, mixed-method Delphi, multi-method Delphi, triangulation-enhanced Delphi | NGT, structured group process, nominal group process, priority-setting group method |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Triangulated Delphi Technique combines the structured expert-consensus process of the classic Delphi method with deliberate triangulation — integrating data from at least one additional source or method (e.g., systematic literature review, interviews, survey data) to cross-validate findings and enhance the credibility of expert judgments. It retains the iterative, anonymous, multi-round panel format while embedding verification steps that reduce reliance on panel consensus alone. | The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a structured group facilitation method designed to generate and prioritise ideas, problems, or solutions while ensuring equal participation from all members. Developed by Delbecq and Van de Ven in 1971, it combines silent individual idea generation with structured group discussion and systematic voting to produce a ranked list of priorities. Unlike unstructured focus groups, NGT prevents dominant voices from suppressing quieter participants, making it especially valuable for needs assessment, program planning, and stakeholder priority-setting in applied research and policy contexts. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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