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| Skala Motivasi Pelancongan× | Skala Keterikatan Tempat× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Pengurusan Pelancongan | Pengurusan Pelancongan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1979 | 1992 |
| Pengasas≠ | Crompton, J. L.; Iso-Ahola, S. E. | Williams, D. R.; Vaske, J. J. |
| Jenis | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55-58. DOI ↗ | Williams, D. R., & Vaske, J. J. (1992). The measurement of place attachment: Valid and reliable instruments for natural environments. Society and Natural Resources, 15(3), 271-280. link ↗ |
| Alias | TMS, Tourism Motivation Scale | PAS, Destination Attachment Scale |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Travel Motivation Scale (TMS) measures the underlying reasons and psychological drivers that prompt individuals to take vacations and choose specific destinations. Developed by Crompton (1979) and Iso-Ahola (1982), and theoretically grounded in push–pull motivation theory, the TMS operationalizes intrinsic motivations (escape from routine, self-discovery, social connection) and destination-specific attractions (beaches, cultural sites, activities). Understanding travel motivation is central to destination positioning, experience design, and visitor segmentation, as different motivational profiles require different marketing messages and service configurations. | The Place Attachment Scale (PAS), developed by Williams & Vaske (1992) and refined by Jorgensen & Stedman (2001), measures individuals' emotional and functional bonds to destinations—the extent to which places become integral to identity and sense of belonging. Comprising dimensions of place identity (destination as self-definition), place dependence (destination optimizes one's activities), emotional bonds (love, comfort), and community belonging, the PAS distinguishes deep loyalty-drivers from transactional satisfaction. Essential for understanding repeat visitation, community tourism governance, heritage conservation, and destination branding strategies that cultivate belonging. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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