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| Transit-Oriented Development Analysis× | Accessibility Analysis× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Urban Studies | Human Geography |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1999 | 1959 |
| Pengasas≠ | Luca Bertolini | Walter G. Hansen |
| Jenis≠ | Diagnostic model of development around public-transport nodes | Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Bertolini, L. (1999). Spatial development patterns and public transport: the application of an analytical model in the Netherlands. Planning Practice & Research, 14(2), 199–210. DOI ↗ | Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | TOD Analysis, Node-Place Model, Transit Node Assessment, Station Area Development Analysis | Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Transit-oriented development (TOD) analysis evaluates how well the land around public-transport stations supports compact, mixed-use, walkable development that feeds and is fed by transit. Its analytical backbone is Luca Bertolini's 1999 node–place model, which scores every station area on two axes — its value as a transport node and its value as a place of activity — and diagnoses whether the two are in balance. Combined with the classic density, diversity, and design dimensions and with network measures of access to stations, the approach identifies which station areas are under-developed, over-stressed, or ripe for intensification. | Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning. |
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