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| Teknik Delphi Bantuan Telefon× | Temu bual Berstruktur× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Tinjauan | Metodologi Tinjauan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1963 (Delphi); telephone-assisted variant prominent 1970s–1990s | 1940s–1950s |
| Pengasas≠ | Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation); telephone adaptation used throughout 1970s–1990s applied research | Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century |
| Jenis≠ | Iterative expert consensus technique delivered by telephone | Quantitative / mixed data collection technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage. link ↗ |
| Alias | telephone Delphi, phone-based Delphi, CATI Delphi, telephone consensus method | standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The telephone-assisted Delphi Technique applies the classic iterative expert-consensus framework through structured telephone interviews rather than mailed or online questionnaires. Experts participate in sequential rounds of data collection by phone, enabling the researcher to clarify ambiguous responses in real time and reach consensus on complex, contested, or forward-looking questions without requiring participants to convene in person. | A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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