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| Teknik Delphi Bantuan Telefon× | Teknik Delphi Dalam Talian (e-Delphi)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Tinjauan | Metodologi Tinjauan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1963 (Delphi); telephone-assisted variant prominent 1970s–1990s | Original Delphi: 1950s–1960s; Online variant: mid-1990s onwards |
| Pengasas≠ | Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation); telephone adaptation used throughout 1970s–1990s applied research | Olaf Helmer, Norman Dalkey, Nicholas Rescher (RAND Corporation); online adaptation emerged in the 1990s–2000s |
| Jenis≠ | Iterative expert consensus technique delivered by telephone | Iterative expert consensus method (online) |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | telephone Delphi, phone-based Delphi, CATI Delphi, telephone consensus method | e-Delphi, electronic Delphi, web-based Delphi, internet Delphi |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The telephone-assisted Delphi Technique applies the classic iterative expert-consensus framework through structured telephone interviews rather than mailed or online questionnaires. Experts participate in sequential rounds of data collection by phone, enabling the researcher to clarify ambiguous responses in real time and reach consensus on complex, contested, or forward-looking questions without requiring participants to convene in person. | The Online Delphi Technique (e-Delphi) is an iterative, web-mediated consensus method in which a geographically dispersed panel of experts responds to successive rounds of structured questionnaires distributed and collected via email or a web platform. Anonymous feedback and controlled statistical summaries are fed back between rounds, guiding panellists toward convergence on priorities, predictions, or recommendations without the social pressures of face-to-face group discussion. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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